By the scientific direction of NBF – LANES with the advice of Dr. M. Cornelli
There are special situations in which the body, to meet its requirements, requires an extra amount of Nucleic Acids or Nucleotides. Usually, it comes to metabolic stress conditions which require the administration of external origin elements, with considerable acceleration of recovery.
Premessa
I Nucleotidi sono elementi intracellulari, che svolgono un ruolo chiave nella quasi totalità dei processi biochimici; essi rappresentano gli elementi precursori del DNA e dell’ RNA, e sono composti da uno zucchero ed una base, associati a un certo numero di gruppi fosfato (da uno a tre).
I Nucleotidi sono naturalmente presenti in tutti i cibi, sia di natura animale sia vegetale, sotto forma di acidi nucleici o nucleotidi liberi; in particolare i Nucleotidi solubili, presenti nel latte di molti mammiferi, costituiscono un’importante fonte alimentare, in grado di fornire fino al 20% dell’azoto non proteico.
PREMISE
The nucleotides are intracellular elements, which play a key role in almost all biochemical processes; they represent the precursors of DNA and of RNA, and are composed of a sugar and a base, associated with a number of phosphate groups (one to three).
The Nucleotides are naturally present in all foods, both of animal and vegetable nature, in the form of nucleic acids or free nucleotides; in particular the soluble Nucleotides, present in the milk of many mammals, are an important food source, can provide up to 20% non-protein nitrogen.
THE NUCLEOTIDES IN VARIOUS TISSUES
Much of the tissue are able to independently synthesize nucleotides, through a process that is defined de novo; in contrast to the rapid proliferation districts, such as bone marrow, liver, immune system and intestine, they cannot meet its requirements through this pathway and preferably using the system known as savings, recovering nucleosides or nucleobases from stocks blood. However, considering the high cell turnover, this way is not sufficient to cover the needs and, therefore, it is essential an exogenous intake through diet: only in this way is guaranteed the growth of these tissues as well as the maintenance of their cells functions.
METABOLIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEOTIDES
Even if specific pathological conditions have not been identified yet, by lack of nucleotides, (Carter and Walzer, 1995; Sanchez, Pozo et al, 1999; Gil 2001) are recorded positive correlation between their presence and the improvement of the immune response of small intestine, stimulation of tissue regeneration, particularly of the liver and the intestinal absorption optimization.
Traditionally, the effects of nucleotides on the environment and on the intestinal immune system have always been treated as two separate and distinct chapters. Only recently it has come to understand and appreciate the close correlation between the two sectors, as:
- A considerable part of the mucous membrane is constituted by cells of immune origin
- The intestinal epithelial cells produce molecules, such as cytokines, involved in immunomodulation (Walzer 1996)
In order to substantiate these observations, researchers have identified in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme (TdT) the index of immaturity of lymphocytes: in the course of this research, the mice fed diets free of nucleotides had a higher percentage of cells TdT- positive, from the thymus and spleen, compared to what happened in the group of subjects whose diet was supplemented with RNA, adenine and uracil.
Thanks to these results has been possible to prove that the administration of nucleotides in the ration is able to stimulate the maturation of lymphoid cells, influencing mainly:
- the initial phase of antigen processing (T lymphocytes)
- the proliferation of differentiated cells
- immuno hematopoiesis (Rueda and Gil, 2000)
In particular, in the intestine, there has been an increase in the maturation of enterocytes, both lactating adulthood. Because these epithelial cells not only exert a function of absorption, but are involved in the immune response processes and antigen presentation, it is legitimate to say that the nucleotides of the diet contribute to the maturation of the intestinal lymphoid system.
Variant of the immune response is the body reaction against cells “diverted” and, therefore, potentially carcinogenic, conducted through the cell population named Natural Killer (NK); also in this case, the body’s defenses are significantly enhanced by the presence of the nucleotides in the diet.
NUCLEOTIDES OF THE DIET AND DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTIONS
A further defense mechanism, through which the nucleotides reduce the incidence of infections, is the modulation of intestinal microflora: in fact, the integration of the diet with nucleotides reduces the concentration of Enterobacteriaceae and increases the presence of Bifidobacterium.
This achievement testifies to the prebiotic action of nucleotides, favoring the proliferation of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium), it inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. This laboratory finding is supported by clinical evidence, according to which the subjects fed with a diet enriched with nucleotides have a lower incidence of neonatal or young age diarrhea (Pickering et al., 1994).
NUCLEOTIDES IN PRACTICE
It has been shown that nucleotides act on a number of immune activities fighting, for example, immunosuppression caused by fasts or by poor nutrition. However, since the concentrations of nucleotides vary from food to food, with regard to our animals it is almost impossible to determine the presence in the diet. The potential scarcity is thus underhand established and, when they see the results, the clinical indications can be many and varied.
Basically, it is the appearance of the uncomfortable bowel to occur more frequently: the intestinal putrefaction and flatulence phenomena, often accompanied by diarrheal discharges, characterize the disorder.
For this reason, the booster effect on the weakened immune system is one of the most interesting aspects of using Carobin Pet palatable pasta; this product best expresses its effectiveness in the weaning period where both are associated with the stress of a radical dietary change that commitment to the production of antibodies, useful in fighting the major infectious diseases.
In these cases, even before making a definite diagnosis, it is essential to intervene with Carobin Pet palatable pasta in fact, thanks to the nucleotides contained in this product, you can speed up the ripening of T lymphocytes, improving immune response (both humoral and cellular).
