USE OF EFA (ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS) IN NEPHROLOGY VETERINARY

Dr.Claudio Brovida, Dr. Stefania Ceretto

In the dynamic stage renal disease, the progressive loss of function that leads to renal failure, is characterized by an evolution compensating survivors of nephrons, which are subject to hypertrophy (mega nephrons). This evolution is the body’s natural response to the need to compensate the increase of blood hydrostatic pressure of capillaries, of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) index due to a reduction of kidney filtering surface. In addition to the already mentioned hypertrophy, hypertension and glomerular hyper filtration also occur.

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THE LATEST NEWS ON THE ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN CANCER PATIENTS

A cura della Direzione Scientifica di NBF-Lanes

By the Scientific Director of NBF-Lanes

DEFINITION OF CACHEXIA

In cancer patients it is important to maintain a proper nutritional status. Malnutrition, in fact, affect, directly and / or indirectly, in increasing mortality rate. In humans, it has been reported that cancer cachexia affects 87% of patients hospitalized with cancer and is believed that the same percentage may be present in pets. About 80% of human cancer patients become malnourished during the evolution of the disease. Malnutrition interferes negatively on the immune host defense mechanisms by increasing also the possible side effects of anticancer treatments. Cachexia can be defined as a set of factors that determine alterations in lipid metabolism, protein and glucose resulting in weight loss and deterioration of the organic conditions and the patient’s quality of life of cancer. Cachexia therefore can be defined as the final stage of emaciation associated often to weakness, anorexia, immune and mental depression.

Cachexia seems to hit more subjects with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract due to the systemic action of the tumor as well as for worsening of the digestive functions. In addition to the direct action of the tumor also the different methods of intervention used to treat it (radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and / or in combination) may have a negative impact on the nutritional status of the patient.

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DIETARY TREATMENT IN BOWEL DISEASES

Stanley L. Marks – Dipl ACVIM (Internal Medicine, Oncology), Dipl ACVN, California, USA
Summary taken from the 59th International Congress SCIVAC (2008) – by the Scientific Director of NBF-Lanes

During the 59th Congress A.N.M.V.I., famous international speakers stressed the importance of diet in the treatment of intestinal disorders.

INTRODUCTION
The therapeutic approach, in most of the gastro enteric pathologies, involves the joint use of pharmacologists and nutritional treatments.

However, limitations or a change in the diet of the individual subject is the most important factor in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Despite the importance of these recommendations, there is still a lack of information about the nutritional needs for dogs and cats suffering from gastrointestinal disorders.

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EPA AND DHA IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Dr. Francesco Visioli

THE ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

Cell membranes, both plasma that intracellular organelles, are structures with a complex organization, in relation to the development of specialized and coordinated functions, and the establishment of different compartments.

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FOOD CORRECTIONS FOR GOOD EYE HEALTH

Scientific Committee of NBF-Lanes

Vitamins, Minerals, the carotenoids and essential fatty acids are closely related to eye health. This result comes from a direct action on the eye, or by an indirect action through an overall improvement of the health conditions of the organism.

GENERAL EVALUATION

The lens and the retina undergo oxidative damage and antioxidant vitamins A, C and E are called into question as protective.

Zinc plays a role in retinal metabolism and may result in macular degeneration.

Selenium has an antioxidant role, while for the Copper the role is not yet well defined.

The carotenoids are concentrated in the macula retinal and have an antioxidant function.

Essential Fatty Acids, such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), are useful in Sjogren’s syndrome and other disorders characterized by “dry eye”.

The Omega-3 fats play an important role in the development of the retina and contribute in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

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CLA AS A NEW TOOL IN THE HANDS OF THE VETERINARY

Dr. Paola Persico

 In recent years several studies in Human Medicine and, more recently, in Veterinary Medicine have highlighted the role of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the modulation of lipid and protein metabolism in the modulation of the immune system and in the anticancer activity.

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a long-chain fatty acid consisting of several isomers, they have been identified two forms (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) particularly biologically active.

The conjugated linoleic acid is a natural origin product, which can be found primarily in bovine-derived products, the most studied in recent years: more than 1,200 studies have been published since 2000.

The mechanisms by which CLA inhibits carcinogenesis appear to include the reduction of cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis alteration.

In addition, CLA seems to modulate markers of immune response and the formation of eicosanoids.

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NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH CANCER

Dr. Paola Persico 

The importance of the use of Omega 3 series fatty acids in the nutritional management of the cancer patient was recalled in the recent meeting that took place in Cremona (13/14 October 2007 organized by SIONCOV – Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology – and SIDEV – Italian Society of Veterinary Dermatology).

Among the many topics covered, Dr. Liliana Prola illustrated the problem of cancer cachexia and the importance of nutritional support in the patient with cancer.

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THE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FISH OIL REDUCE, IN VIVO, THE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN DOGS

By the scientific direction of NBF-LANES with the advice of Professor. Francesco Visioli, University Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (From LeBlanc et al., Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 486-493)

Supplementation with Omega 3 reduces the production of inflammatory factors in healthy dogs. The effects could be more visible in patients with inflammatory-based diseases.

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CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES CAN MINIMIZE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CYTOKINES

By the scientific direction of NBF – LANES with the advice of Dr. Paola Persico

Cytokines have an indispensable role in proper immune response, but the overproduction can be detrimental to the host organism and can cause: alterations in some organs (heart function), anorexia, cachexia and non-regenerative anemia.

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ZINC: IMPORTANT ADJUVANT THERAPY OF CANINE LEISHMANIASIS

Dr. Barbara Tonin

PREMISE

he immune response is of primary importance in the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniosis and a protective role against this infection is given by the cell-mediated response (Th1). Animal studies have confirmed the positive effect of the Th1 response (IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α), compared to Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), in the treatment or the progression of the disease (Coffman et al, 1991; Reiner et al, 1995).

Similarly, there was a reduced monocyte activation and cell-mediated response in dogs infected by leishmaniosis compared to healthy subjects (Barbieri, 2006).

It is therefore logical, consider that the administration of immune-stimulating substances may affect the outcome of therapy and so the prognosis of the disease.

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