Nucleotides

Basis of Nucleic Acids

Definition

Basic units of Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA). They are made by phosphoric acid (H3PO4), by a pentose monosaccharide, which is the Ribose (C5H10O5) for RNA and is, instead, the Deoxyribose (C5H10O4) for DNA, and finally by nitrogenous bases which are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil for RNA while adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine for DNA.

Biological Role

Although the nucleotides can be synthesized endogenously, when decreases the internal production, it becomes necessary a contribution through the food intake. Especially in young subjects, a considerable part of nucleic acids is incorporated into the tissues, resulting crucial for those with an high cell turnover, such as the intestinal epithelium.

Clinical Applications

Nucleotides promotes the multiplication of the “healthy” cells of organism, thus, in the colon, results in:

an increased “barrier” against bacteria
increased availability of lymphocytes and macrophages in the enteral immune defense process
a continuum recovery of possibly injured cells

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